Physiological, biochemical and morphological modifications of plants under stressful conditions. Mechanisms of regulation, acclimatization and protection of photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants and algae. Reactions preventing the effects of oxidative stress, water stress, wounding and mineral deficiency in plant tissues. Ascorbate and glutathione functions in reduction of oxidative stress. The role of acid phosphatases in the acclimation process of crop plants to the conditions of phosphorus deficiency in the soil. Regulation of enzyme activity in the sucrose synthesis pathway in conditions of phosphorus deficit and mechanical damage of plants. Regulation of seeds germination by various environmental factors. Differentiation and regeneration of plant organs in vitro. Cyanogenesis and the role of cyanoglucosides in the functioning of plants during stress conditions.